Utilitarianism is concerned primarily with which of the following?

Utilitarianism focuses on the idea of achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people. This ethical framework suggests that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility. It evaluates actions based on their consequences, prioritizing outcomes that benefit the majority, thus establishing a measure of ethical behavior based on collective welfare rather than individual rights or strict compliance to predetermined rules.

In contrast, the other options highlight different ethical principles. The rights of individuals are central to deontological ethics, which emphasizes duty and adherence to moral rules. Strict adherence to rules aligns with rule-based ethical systems that prioritize compliance over outcomes. A balanced approach to management does not directly relate to the utilitarian focus on maximizing happiness but instead might involve weighing various factors in decision-making. Therefore, the essence of utilitarianism is captured in the idea of promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number, making it the correct answer to the question.