What behavior did Dave observe during the annual budgeting session involving mid-level managers?

The observation of tactical behaviors during the annual budgeting session involving mid-level managers indicates that these managers were primarily focused on the implementation of specific actions or plans related to their departments and the overall organization. Tactical behaviors are concerned with the short-term execution of strategies, emphasizing efficiency, resource allocation, and the practical aspects of achieving set objectives within a budget.

In a budgeting context, tactical behaviors can manifest as managers negotiating line items or attempting to secure necessary resources for their teams, often reflecting their immediate operational needs. This contrasts with strategic foresight, which would involve long-term planning and anticipating future trends. Collaborative negotiation suggests a more cooperative approach to discussions, while reckless spending implies a lack of control over budgetary constraints—both of which do not align with the observations described in the question.

Thus, the focus on tactical behaviors is appropriate as it captures the essential actions and interactions that occur during budgeting sessions, highlighting the managers' immediate priorities and their efforts to manage their divisions effectively within the financial framework set by the organization.